安装
前言
If you don't use the standalone script or @pnpm/exe
to install pnpm, then you need to have Node.js (at least v18.12) to be installed on your system.
使用独立脚本安装
即使没有安装 Node.js,也可以使用以下脚本安装 pnpm。
Windows
使用 PowerShell:
Invoke-WebRequest https://get.pnpm.io/install.ps1 -UseBasicParsing | Invoke-Expression
在 POSIX 系统上
curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -
如果您没有安装 curl,也可以使用 wget:
wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -
You may use the pnpm env command then to install Node.js.
In a Docker container
# bash
wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | ENV="$HOME/.bashrc" SHELL="$(which bash)" bash -
# sh
wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | ENV="$HOME/.shrc" SHELL="$(which sh)" sh -
# dash
wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | ENV="$HOME/.dashrc" SHELL="$(which dash)" dash -
安装特定版本
Prior to running the install script, you may optionally set an env variable PNPM_VERSION
to install a specific version of pnpm:
curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | env PNPM_VERSION=<version> sh -
使用 Corepack 安装
Since v16.13, Node.js is shipping Corepack for managing package managers. 这是一项实验性功能,因此您需要通过运行如下脚本来启用它:
If you have installed Node.js with pnpm env
Corepack won't be installed on your system, you will need to install it separately. See #4029.
corepack enable pnpm
如果您已经使用Homebrew安装了Node.js,您需要单独安装Corepack:
brew install corepack
这会自动将pnpm安装在您的系统上。
你可以通过下列命令固定项目所用的 pnpm 版本:
corepack use pnpm@latest
This will add a "packageManager"
field in your local package.json
which will instruct Corepack to always use a specific version on that project. 如果您想要可复现性,这可能很有用,因为所有使用 Corepack 的开发人员都将使用与您相同的版本。 当一个新版本的 pnpm 发布时,您可以重新运行上述命令。
Using other package managers
使用 npm 安装
We provide two packages of pnpm CLI, pnpm
and @pnpm/exe
.
pnpm
is an ordinary version of pnpm, which needs Node.js to run.@pnpm/exe
is packaged with Node.js into an executable, so it may be used on a system with no Node.js installed.
npm install -g pnpm
或者
npm install -g @pnpm/exe
使用 HomeBrew 安装
如果您已经安装了这个包管理器,您可以使用下面的命令安装pnpm:
brew install pnpm
使用winget安装
如果您安装了 winget ,您可以使用以下命令安装 pnpm:
winget install -e --id pnpm.pnpm
使用 Scoop 安装
如果您已经安装了Scoop,您可以使用下面的指令安装pnpm:
scoop install nodejs-lts pnpm
使用 Choco安装
如果您已经安装了Chocolatey,您可以使用下面的指令安装pnpm:
choco install pnpm
使用 Volta
如果您安装了 Volta ,您可以使用以下命令安装 pnpm:
volta install pnpm
是否要在 CI 服务器上使用 pnpm? See: Continuous Integration.
兼容性
以下是各版本 pnpm 与各版本 Node.js 之间的兼容性表格。
Node.js | pnpm 7 | pnpm 8 | pnpm 9 |
---|---|---|---|
Node.js 12 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
Node.js 14 | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ |
Node.js 16 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
Node.js 18 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
Node.js 20 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
问题排查
如果 pnpm 损坏并且您无法通过重新安装来修复,您可能需要将其从 PATH 中手动删除。
Let's assume you have the following error when running pnpm install
:
C:\src>pnpm install
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:883
throw err;
^
Error: Cannot find module 'C:\Users\Bence\AppData\Roaming\npm\pnpm-global\4\node_modules\pnpm\bin\pnpm.js'
←[90m at Function.Module._resolveFilename (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:880:15)←[39m
←[90m at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:725:27)←[39m
←[90m at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:72:12)←[39m
←[90m at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47←[39m {
code: ←[32m'MODULE_NOT_FOUND'←[39m,
requireStack: []
}
First, try to find the location of pnpm by running: which pnpm
. If you're on Windows, run where.exe pnpm.*
You'll get the location of the pnpm command, for instance:
$ which pnpm
/c/Program Files/nodejs/pnpm
Now that you know where the pnpm CLI is, open that directory and remove any pnpm-related files (pnpm.cmd
, pnpx.cmd
, pnpm
, etc).
完成后,再次安装 pnpm。现在它应该按照预期正常工作。
使用更短的别名
pnpm
might be hard to type, so you may use a shorter alias like pn
instead.
在 POSIX 系统上添加永久别名
Just put the following line to your .bashrc
, .zshrc
, or config.fish
:
alias pn=pnpm
在 Powershell (Windows) 中添加永久别名:
在具有管理员权限的 Powershell 窗口中执行:
notepad $profile.AllUsersAllHosts
In the profile.ps1
file that opens, put:
set-alias -name pn -value pnpm
保存文件并关闭窗口。 您可能需要关闭所有打开的 Powershell 窗口才能使别名生效。
Updating pnpm
To update pnpm, run the self-update
command:
pnpm self-update
卸载 pnpm
If you need to remove the pnpm CLI from your system and any files it has written to your disk, see Uninstalling pnpm.